When you’re diagnosed with breast cancer, the road ahead can feel overwhelming. You’re probably thinking: “What’s next?” “What are my choices?” “How will this impact my life?” In this guide we’ll break down everything you need to know about mastectomy, from the different types of surgery to recovery and support.
What is a Mastectomy?
Breast Cancer Surgery: Mastectomy
A mastectomy is the removal of one or both breasts and is often recommended in certain cases of breast cancer. The reasons for choosing a mastectomy include:
- Multifocal Breast Cancer: When cancer is present in multiple areas of the breast, a mastectomy may be necessary because removing all the cancer would leave too little breast tissue to maintain its shape.
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer: In rare cases, such as inflammatory breast cancer, where the entire breast is involved, a mastectomy is required for treatment.
- Patient Choice: Some patients opt for a mastectomy as a personal choice, even when breast-conserving surgery is possible.
This type of procedure is called a simple mastectomy, which involves the complete removal of the breast tissue.
Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: In this procedure, most of the breast skin is preserved, making it a good option if breast reconstruction is planned, as it helps achieve better cosmetic results.
Each type of mastectomy has its pros and cons, and the right choice depends on your individual situation. Talk to your breast surgeon, Dr Nasrin Davarpanah to determine which option is best for you.
Mastectomy Procedures
When it comes to mastectomy, there are several procedures to choose from, each designed to meet specific medical needs and personal preferences. Understanding these options will help you make a more informed decision when talking to your breast surgeon.
- Simple Mastectomy: This removes all breast tissue, including the nipple and areola.
- Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy: Removes the breast tissue but preserves the nipple and areola. Often chosen for aesthetic reasons, especially when reconstruction is planned. This option can be suitable for some breast cancer patients depending on the tumor location and size.
- Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: Removes the breast tissue but leaves most of the skin intact. This facilitates better cosmetic outcomes during reconstruction. A popular choice for those having breast cancer treatment and planning to have reconstruction.
- Prophylactic Mastectomy: For those at high risk of breast cancer, such as BRCA mutation carriers, a prophylactic mastectomy removes one or both breasts to prevent cancer. This preventive measure can significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer and give peace of mind to those with a strong family history of the disease.
This procedure can also be applied to women who wish to achieve a flat chest for symmetry, particularly if one breast is too large, and it is not convenient or desired to keep only one breast.Each procedure has its pros and cons. Talk to your healthcare team to find out what’s best for you.
Why Nipple Sparing Mastectomy?
The main reason for mastectomy is to treat or prevent breast cancer. For those with early stage breast cancer, this is life saving. For those with family history or genetic predisposition (BRCA mutations), preventive mastectomy can reduce breast cancer risk. It’s a big decision but understanding why can help ease the worry.
Your Medical Team
Cancer diagnosis involves a team of specialists to treat breast cancer. Your breast surgeon will be your guide through the options. You may also work with a medical oncologist who will provide info on chemotherapy or other treatments. A radiation oncologist may be part of your care team if radiation is needed.
Don’t forget the breast care nurse who can offer advice and emotional support throughout your journey. They’re a great resource, to explain the process and answer your questions.
Before Surgery
Preparation is everything. Before your surgery you will have several tests including imaging and possibly biopsies to get a clear picture of your situation. Your doctor will go through the procedure with you so you know what to expect.
For inflammatory breast cancer patients, there are specific preparation steps as this condition has unique characteristics such as tumor in the dermal lymphatic channels. These patients are often treated with systemic chemotherapy, mastectomy and radiation.
You may need to stop some medications especially blood thinners before surgery. Follow your surgeon’s instructions closely. Preparing your home for recovery is also important—think about arranging help for daily tasks especially during the first week post surgery.
Insurance and Cost
The financial part of mastectomy can be overwhelming but understanding your insurance coverage and cost can help ease the worry. Most insurance plans including cover mastectomy procedures for your hospital stay. But the extent of coverage varies depending on your plan and type of mastectomy.
The surgeon’s fee is usually covered by your insurance, but it involves an out-of-pocket gap fee ranging between $300 and $500.Many hospitals and surgical centers offer financing options and payment plans to make it more affordable. Breast reconstruction surgery is often covered by insurance but coverage varies. Check with your insurance and discuss with your surgeon.
Be informed and proactive about your insurance and financial options and you can manage the cost of your breast cancer treatment and focus on your recovery and well being.
Recovery and What to Expect After Lymph Node Removal
Recovery from mastectomy varies from person to person. You’ll stay in the hospital for a night for monitoring. Once home you’ll need to manage some discomfort and follow care instructions for your surgical site especially if you had lymph node removal. This includes being aware of signs of infection which can happen.
You may experience body image changes after mastectomy. Many women find talking about it helps. Whether through support groups, therapy or talking to friends, expressing yourself can help with healing.
Breast Reconstruction: Your Choices
For many women, the journey doesn’t stop with mastectomy. Breast reconstruction is an option to consider. There are different ways, from implants to autologous tissue reconstruction which uses tissue from your body. Talk to a Dr Bangash, Plastic Surgeon to find out what’s best for you and your health.
As a non-surgical option you can also wear a breast prosthesis to improve post mastectomy appearance.
Remember reconstruction can be done at the same time as your mastectomy or later. Dr Nasrin Davarpanah will advise what’s possible for your situation.
Dealing with Emotional Challenges
You will feel a lot of emotions after mastectomy. Some women feel loss, sadness or anxiety about the future. Seek help from a mental health professional or join a support group. You’re not alone in this journey.
Lifestyle Changes After Mastectomy
After surgery some lifestyle changes may be necessary. Staying active is important for physical and mental health. Gentle exercises as approved by your doctor can help you regain strength and mobility.
Also consider healthy eating options. A balanced diet can support your recovery and overall well being. If you’re not sure where to start a dietitian can advise you on what’s best for you.
Preventing Breast Cancer: Ongoing Care
Even after mastectomy you need to stay proactive about your health. Regular follow ups with your healthcare team will monitor your recovery and detect any changes early. Stay informed about breast health and cancer prevention.
Breast conserving surgery as an alternative to mastectomy involves removing only the cancerous part of the breast and preserving the surrounding tissue. This option depends on tumor characteristics and personal choices and has implications for ongoing care.
Conclusion:
Mastectomy is a big decision but you don’t have to go through it alone. Your healthcare team is with you every step of the way. Ask questions, express yourself and lean on your support network.